The Day of Ashura, falling on the 10th day of Muharram—the first month of the Islamic calendar—marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year. This year, Ashura is expected to be observed on Wednesday, 16 July 2024, contingent on the sighting of the moon. It is a day of profound spiritual significance and historical remembrance for Muslims worldwide.
Significance of Ashura
The Day of Ashura holds deep meaning within Islam, commemorating several pivotal historical events. For Sunni Muslims, it marks the day Allah (SWT) saved Prophet Musa (AS) and his followers from Pharaoh by parting the Red Sea, symbolising divine intervention and mercy. Additionally, it is believed that other significant events occurred on this day, such as Prophet Yunus (AS) being released from the belly of a whale, Prophet Yusuf (AS) being freed from a well, and Prophet Isa (AS) being born. These events collectively make Ashura a day of gratitude and reflection.
For Shia Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning, marking the martyrdom of Hussain Ibn Ali (RA), the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), at the Battle of Karbala. Hussain (RA) was martyred for his resistance against the corrupt rule of Yazid. His refusal to pledge allegiance led to a tragic series of events, ultimately resulting in his death and that of his companions on the Day of Ashura. This martyrdom is remembered as a powerful symbol of resistance against oppression and injustice.
Observances on Ashura
Fasting
Fasting on the Day of Ashura is highly recommended, though not obligatory. Muslims are encouraged to fast on the 9th and 10th or the 10th and 11th days of Muharram to distinguish their practice from the Jewish tradition of fasting solely on the 10th. Fasting on this day is believed to bring significant spiritual rewards. According to a hadith narrated by Abu Qatadah (RA), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “It expiates [wipes out the minor sins of] the past year” (Muslim). Through fasting, Muslims express gratitude towards Allah (SWT) and seek forgiveness, making it a day of heightened devotion and humility.
Charity and Good Deeds
Beyond fasting, Ashura is an opportunity for Muslims to increase their good deeds and acts of worship. Sharing blessings with the less fortunate is highly encouraged, embodying the spirit of compassion and community.
Mourning and Reflection
For Shia Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning for Hussain’s (RA) martyrdom. This is often observed through processions, recitations, and re-enactments of the events at Karbala. These acts of remembrance serve to honour Hussain’s sacrifice and reflect on themes of justice and resistance against tyranny.
Commemorating Historical Events
Sunni Muslims, while also reflecting on the events of Karbala, focus on commemorating how Allah (SWT) saved Musa (AS) and his followers.The day serves as a reminder of Allah’s (SWT) power and mercy, making Ashura rich with both historical and spiritual significance.
The Day of Ashura is a significant occasion for Muslims, offering a time for fasting, reflection, and increased devotion. Whether it is through commemorating historical events or mourning the martyrdom of Hussain (RA), Ashura remains a day that underscores the principles of faith, gratitude, and resistance against oppression. As 16 July 2024 approaches, Muslims around the world will prepare to observe this important day with reverence and dedication.